Summary: One complication of diabetes extremely difficult to treat is neuropathy. It changes the clinical picture of most diseases, causing their weaker manifestation, which results in delay or complete discontinuation of their diagnosis and therapy. In the course of neuropathy, we encounter not only classic disease syndromes resulting from the lack of sensation, but also so-called painful neuropathy, manifested in excessive sensations such as pain, burning or a feeling of being electrocuted. These symptoms appear incidentally, but in some patients they can persist for a long time, significantly worsening the quality of life. The paper presents a synthetic review of knowledge in the field of pathogenesis, clinical presentation and methods of therapy of causative and symptomatic painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes.