Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread gastrointestinal disorder. Its symptoms include abdominal pain and irregular bowel movements. Although the causes of IBS are not clear, it is currently believed that a microbial imbalance in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) plays a key role. The diagnosis is made on the basis of a constellation of typical symptoms, not by exclusion. Treatment involves restoring normal microbiota (eubiosis) with the usually cyclic administration of rifaximin. Depending on the symptoms, their management involves measures to prevent bloating, diarrhea or constipation. Recommendations for management BS patients include oriented psychotherapy and the temporary introduction of a low-FODMAP diet.