Summary: Anemia is a public health problem that affects populations in both rich and poor countries. In most cases the medical interview is enough to characterize anemia as blood loss, production failure or erythrocyte destruction. Iron deficiency anemia has been considered to be among the most important contributing factors to the global burden of disease. Iron deficiency/anemia negatively impacts fundamental aspects of growth development with potential long-term consequences, and that is why early treatment and iron deficiency/anemia prevention in pediatric patients is so important.