Summary: All patients with PE should be treated with anticoagulants for at least 3 months. In some cases, long-term or even indefinite treatment is necessary. Extended oral anticoagulant treatment reduces the risk of recurrent VTE by 90%, but the balance between the risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence and that of bleeding should be regularly assessed. Anticoagulated patients after PE are at risk of bleeding. Risk factors for bleeding include renal insufficiency, liver disease, thrombocytopenia, anemia, hypertension and use of antiplatelet or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients need to be screened, and an optimal anticoagulant strategy should be identified and routinely re-evaluated. Novel oral anticoagulants are recommended as the first choice for anticoagulation treatment of pulmonary embolism unless the patient has contraindications for this type of drug. Symptomatic patients should be screened for post-PE syndrome and CTEPH as part of routine practice.