Summary: Depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the world. In population of chronically ill patients, which includes patients after kidney transplantation, risk of onset of depression is 1,5-4,0 times higher. It is caused by many factors, including demografical (age, sex, education level, social and material status), clinical (time on waiting list, time post-transplant, influence of immunosupresive medications, coexisting illnesses) and psychological (pre-transplantation depressive episode, compensation and coping mechanisms, social and systemic support). Depression is connected with higher risk of graft failure, increases risk of non-compliance, return to dialysis and death with functioning graft. Evaluating patients psychological state should be included in post-transplant long term care. That allows to identify early symptoms of depression and start proper treatment. Knowledge about groups of antidepressants, their pharmacological profile and possible interactions, especially with immunosupresants is essential during the drug selection; also psychological support in the form individual or group therapy is important ‒ combination of both forms of treatment gives the best therapeutic effects. Proper, individual adjustment of antidepressive therapy improves clinical outcomes of transplantation and patients quality of life, also in longer perspective, extends life span.