Summary: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs widely prescribed especially by general practitioners. Their mechanism of action is based on stopping production of hydrochloric acid in the gastric parietal cells. Proton pump inhibitors are widely used due to many indications, effective action and a small number of side effects. However, PPIs are often used longer than necessary, often being responsible for many unforeseen consequences such as iron absorption disorder, Clostridium difficile infections or cardiovascular events. The paper presents information on the topic and offers recommendations for PPIs being prescribed by GPs.