Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease and includes simple fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. NAFLD often coexists with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The most frequent cause of death in NAFLD patients is cardiovascular disease. NAFLD should always be suspected in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and with an incidental USG finding of fatty liver and/or elevated ALT, AST, GGTP activity. The risk of NAFLD progressing to fibrosis and cirrhosis is slight, but substantial in NASH, especially involving advanced liver fibrosis. Diagnosis is of fundamental importance in NAFLD, enabling patients with simple fatty liver to be distinguished from those with NASH and advanced, progressive fibrosis. Differentiation of these diseases is possible with a liver biopsy, but this is only performed in special cases due to a number of limitations. Noninvasive testing for liver fibrosis is recommended, such as the simple FIB-4 and NFS tests and elastography. In view of the growing incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD associated with them, the paper presents guidelines for family physicians, taking into account currently available biochemical tests for the stratification of patients’ risk of NAFLD progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.