Summary: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacteria that lives in the stomach and is associated with stomach and duodenal diseases. H. pylori infection also affects the functioning of other systems, which is a common subject of scientific publications. Nearly half of the world's population is infected with this pathogen, although the frequency of occurrence is different and depends on socioeconomic conditions. Despite 37 years having passed since the discovery of this bacteria, the resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin exceeding 15% is becoming a growing problem. Poland is a country with one of the highest rates of H. pylori infection in Europe, and standard triple therapy is ineffective. This study is a summary of recent progress in the eradication of H. pylori and the systematization of knowledge about this infection.