Summary: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) is growing worldwide. Conventional pharmacotherapy is linked with many side effects and is a burden on patients. Lately, a lot of research has been conducted to determine the role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis and treatment of those diseases. Several dietary components have been proven to promote the development of IBD. Among different treatment approaches, the most promising one is the Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet. More randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the utility of other diet therapies.