Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, can be associated with neurological disorders in affected patients as it can modify the course of previously existing neurological diseases. The pathomechanism of such activity seems not always to be dependent on the presence of virus particles in nervous tissue. On the other hand, disability often associated with neuroinflammatory, degenerative or vascular diseases of the central nervous system amplifies the risk of severe COVID-19 infection and determines its outcome. Moreover, the pandemic also affects the medical care of patients with acute and chronic neurological disorders. This review focuses on the situation of neurological patients in COVID-19 times as well as summarizing current knowledge about the role of SARS-CoV-2 in pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system.