Summary: Urinary incontinence has been defined by the ICS (International Continence Society) as the involuntary loss of urine causing a serious social and hygienic problem. There are three types of urinary incontinence: stress incontinence, urge incontinence closely related to overactive bladder and mixed incontinence. This medical condition appears frequently in general practitioners office patients. Urinary bladder overactivity is a symptomatic diagnosis. Overactive bladder symptoms include frequency and urgency with or without urinary incontinence, when no local irritating factors that could explain such symptoms are present. Irritating factors include: urinary bladder neoplasm, urinary tract infections, bladder stones or post void residual urine. The causes of bladder overactivity might be neurogenic (diagnosed neurological condition) or unknown (idiopathic overactivity). Moreover, the overactive bladder quite frequently develops in the aftermath of a bladder outlet obstruction (e.g. in benign prostate hyperplasia). Treatment of urinary incontinence in adult patients usually starts with conservative management which includes changes of behaviors and habits, also dietary, pelvic floor muscle exercises and medications. Presently, pharmacological treatment of an overactive bladder consists of anticholinergic drugs considered as the socalled “gold standard”. This situation has not changed for the last few decades. Yet, the changes has appeared in the approach to the usage of those drugs resulting in new formulations with an altered pharmacokinetic or receptor profile. It is believed that the effectiveness of the anticholinergic drugs is measured by their potential to decrease urinary urgency (as it is the primary cause of bladder overactivity). Additionally, the notion of “warning time” has been introduced (time from the first sensation of urgency to voluntary micturition). Surgical treatment, which is preformed if conservative treatment fails, includes botulinum toxin injection into the bladder, electric stimulation of spinal root nerves or bladder augmentation procedures. This kind of treatment goes far beyond the competence of the general practitioner. Still, it should be used in case of the lack of response to conservative treatment presented in this paper.