Summary: Human nail unit (HNU) is a highly complicated structure which plays an important role in a homeostasis maintaining. It is characterized by remarkable features such as a constant growth and life-long regeneration. A distal parts of extremities protection or a fingertips stabilization are only a few of many functions that it fulfills. Viral warts represent a group of the most common proliferative lesions in the HNU. They are associated with the HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. These lesions might be observed particularly often among adolescents. Their dermoscopic features are characteristic. The symptoms of the infection can vary. In case of HNU invasion onycholysis is not rare and lesions may occupy the whole bed of the nail. There is a number of treatment possibilities. Choosing the appropriate one depends on the experience of the doctor and the rule of the lowest scaring risk should be taken into consideration. In the first line treatment keratinolytic agents such as formic or trichloroacetic acids are commonly used. Cantharidin as well as podophyllotoxin are also an option for a topical therapy. Interferon and cimetidine treatment were also considered. What seems to be an interesting issue is an attempt to use the polywalent HPV vaccination in a viral warts therapy. Alternative course of action in patients with extremely resistant lesions is an immunotherapy. It is also possible to perform a laser procedure or a surgical management to remove viral warts.