Summary: In recent years, the number of studies and scientific reports on the health-promoting properties of probiotics has been increasing. The clinical usefulness and effectiveness of probiotics is highly strain-dependent, so any generalizations should be avoided for the whole, very wide group of preparations. There is still a need for more developed research and further analysis. One of the most studied and justified indications for the use of probiotics is the prevention of diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics (antibiotic-associated diarrhea, AAD). The best therapeutic effect in this situation is shown by two strains: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. This is reflected in the recommendations of numerous scientific societies. This publication presents selected results and recommendations regarding the indications for the use of probiotics during antibiotic therapy.