Summary:
Anticholinergic therapy has been used in asthma therapy for many years. Its broad application was curtailed by relatively weak and short bronchodilation as well as many adverse side effects. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) were introduced to asthma therapy more than 10 years ago. Application of commonly used LAMA including tiotropium (TIO), glycopyrronium (GLY) and umeclidinium (UMEC) in asthma therapy is characterized by long bronchodilation and some anti-inflammatory effects. Used as add-on therapy to ICS+LABA in poorly controlled asthma were shown to produce additional bronchodilation and reduce asthma exacerbations, including severe exacerbations. The clinical benefit of the triple over the dual anti-asthma therapy was not restricted to certain asthma phenotypes/endotypes and was independent of race, age, body mass index (BMI), baseline lung function, concomitant allergies, level of asthma control, peripheral blood eosinophilia or level of exhaled nitric oxide. Due to the broad spectrum of asthma phenotypes/endotypes responsive to LAMA therapy, relatively low cost and no serious adverse effects LAMA should be considered as a first choice of add-on therapy in patients poorly controlled on optimal ICS+LABA treatment.
Keywords: asthma, LAMA, glycopyrronium, tiotropium, umeclidinium
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