Summary: Although considerable progress has been made in the development of new therapeutics and new strategies for patients with asthma or COPD, questions remain as to implementing them in clinical practice. The paper presents principles, assumptions and various methods and effects of educational programs used in adults with asthma or COPD. As we know, proactive, personalized medicine requires good communication and patients’ long-term adherence to therapy. Patients’ self-care behavior and improved compliance are essential for optimal clinical effectiveness and minimization of the healthcare burden and costs. In clinical practice, implementing current educational programs help to optimize outcomes.