Summary: Because of the war in Ukraine that lasted over two months, 3 million refugees came to Poland. They are a priority group for actions in the field of infection prevention and control as they may be susceptible to certain diseases. This is mainly due to the presence of various infectious diseases in their country of origin and the low level of vaccination of the population. The article presents recommendations for the practice of a family doctor for the prevention and control of infections, vaccination priorities for Ukrainian children and the measures to be taken when TB, measles or acute flaccid paralysis are suspected. Issues related to vaccinations and presumptive evidence of immunity of medical personnel are also discussed.