Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder of the lower digestive tract, defined as a disorder of the gut–brain axis. One of its risk factors is a history of gastrointestinal infection, which is then called post-infection irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). The prevalence is estimated at 4–36%. The etiopathogenesis of P-IBS is complex and multifactorial, mainly consisting of disturbances in the intestinal microbiome, the occurrence of which may be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the diagnosis of PI-IBS, the Rome IV criteria apply, on the basis of which the diagnosis should be made. In diagnostics, routine colonoscopy is not recommended, however, the presence of alarm symptoms is an exception. Treatment of PI-IBS does not differ from treatment of IBS and should be based on standards of care, mainly focusing on the normalization of the gut microbiome, where rifaximin plays a key role. In addition, the treatment includes lifestyle modification, diet therapy and pharmacological treatment, as well as psychotherapy.