Summary: H. pylori is a pathogen and the infection is considered an infectious disease. Already in 1994, H. pylori was also recognized as a type I carcinogen. It is estimated that over 4 billion people worldwide are infected, especially in developing countries. Undoubtedly, the potential consequences resulting from the existence of H. pylori in the stomach are strain-dependent, which is largely determined by latitude. A significant role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric lymphoma (GML) has been proven in numerous scientific studies. A systemic influence of H. pylori is also emphasized in a lot of publications. Nevertheless, more research and higher-quality scientific evidence are certainly needed to confirm these theses. An ideal eradication should be at least 90% effective. It is necessary to properly conduct the treatment with verification of its effectiveness. This will avoid the potential clinical consequences of chronic H. pylori infection in the future. The first-choice therapy in the treatment of H. pylori infection is a 14-days quadruple therapy with bismuth.