Summary: Lung cancer remains a serious health problem worldwide. In recent years the incidence of cancer has increased in women compared to men. It is dominated by adenocarcinoma. Lung cancer is still recognized in advanced stages. The progress in methods of systemic therapy, i.e. targeted therapy and immunotherapy, contributes to significant prolongation of overall survival. Modern therapies require broader lung cancer diagnosis with precise staging, differentiation of the main histological types, especially recognition of adenocarcinoma, molecular diagnosis and evaluation of PD-L1 expression on cancer cells. The molecular characteristic has recently been extended to include molecular aberrations of genes other than EGFR and ALK, ROS1, particularly in cases of resistance to targeted therapy. Liquid biopsy is useful for additional molecular diagnosis. The paper presents the rules of qualification of individual patients for applicable personalized therapy by a multidisciplinary team.