Summary: Obesity is a serious public health challenge for both the adult and pediatric populations. The accompanying metabolic disorders and inflammation are not only a risk factor for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but also affect the etiopathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases. Excess adipose tissue leads to hemodynamic, metabolic and structural changes in the kidneys, which together lead to progressive impairment of organ function. For a long time, the clinical course is asymptomatic, so early diagnosis and implementation of prevention are important, which in many cases will allow the changes to be reversed. It was also emphasized that urolithiasis and complications in kidney transplant recipients are more common in obese subjects. Therapeutic procedures are discussed, taking into account the latest medicines.