Summary: Insomnia is a disorder in which the patient considers their own sleep to be insufficient or of poor quality. The cause is usually difficulty falling asleep, inability to maintain sleep, waking up too early in the morning or a sense of lack of regeneration after waking up. Sleep disorders may be isolated or more often are a symptom of mental illnesses or are associated with somatic diseases. Therapy should be adapted according to the type of insomnia, its etiology and duration. It can include both non-pharmacological methods, including behavioral, and pharmacological. In the case of accidental and short-term insomnia, the basic form of treatment is pharmacotherapy with non-benzodiazepine GABA receptor agonists, which are the second generation of hypnotics. These include zopiclone, zolpidem, zaleplon and eszopiclone. In the treatment of short-term insomnia, they should be the first choice therapy both in the office of a primary care physician and a specialist.