Summary: The most common pain syndromes during pregnancy and lactation include headaches, low back pain, acute post-operative and post-traumatic pain. Headaches are a relatively common complaint during pregnancy. Most, such as migraine or tension headache, which account for about 90% of headaches, are harmless and usually mild. In many women they subside or substantially decrease over time. On the other hand, the incidence of back pain syndromes is increasing, and the strongest symptoms occur in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The article presents an overview of the current recommendations for the management of various types of headaches and low back pain as well as the principles of safe treatment of postoperative and posttraumatic pain during pregnancy and lactation.