Summary: Constant progress in imaging techniques enables their novel application in medicine. Currently, chest radiograms and computed tomography are the most frequently used imaging methods in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. However, dynamic progress in other imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance or endobronchial ultrasound allows them to be used more often. Moreover, new imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography and confocal laser endomicroscopy, due to their higher resolution, have the potential to provide more accurate images corresponding to the histological structure of tissues.