Summary: Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a significant clinical problem in elderly patients and those with chronic diseases. Vaccination provides an effective protection against pneumococcal infections, also in adults. Currently, it is recommended to vaccinate adults in a single- -dose schedule using a 20-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV 20) or, alternatively, a two-dose schedule using PPV13 and PCV 23 or PPV 13 and PPV 20 vaccines. which brings health benefits to individual patients, but also has public health implications.