Summary: Hypertension is a disease of civilization, which affects over 10 million people of all ages in Poland. It is also increasingly detected in adolescents and young adults. It is usually asymptomatic, but over time it leads to serious organ complications, the final form of which may be a stroke or cerebral hemorrhage, kidney failure, heart attack and heart failure, or a ruptured aortic aneurysm. Due to the extremely diverse etiology, multitude of pathogenetic forms and oligosymptomatic course of hypertension, making the correct diagnosis may often be burdened with an error, and the effectiveness of treatment - dependent on individualized pharmacotherapy and acceptance and full cooperation of the patient with the doctor in the implementation of therapeutic recommendations.