Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem requiring intervention in prevention and treatment. The treatment of the first choice is lifestyle modification involving changing eating habits, increasing physical activity and optimizing body weight. According to studies, plant-based dietary models, particularly the Mediterranean diet, are the most effective in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Dietary models gaining popularity among researchers and patients that require consideration are also vegetarian diets, including the vegan diet. Properly balanced and properly composed diets also appear to reduce the risk of NAFLD and support treatment of the disease, but data from studies are limited. The currently available evidence is derived from cross-sectional studies and short-term clinical trials. Medium- and long-term clinical trials are required to confirm the effectiveness of these dietary models in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.