Summary: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases, concerning up to 34% patients of general practicioners. Most patients have typical symptoms, such as pyrosis, abdominal pain, regurgitations and nausea. Some people have non-typical symptoms, like chronic cough, laryngitis, throat inflammation and asthma exacerbation, which are more difficult in management. In young people under 40 we can base our diagnosis on clinical picture and dedicated questionnaires and start the treatment. In case of alarming symptoms, like dysphagia, persistent vomiting, anemia, bleeding, body mass loss and in patients over 40 years of age as well as in patients with persistent symptoms in spite of adequate treatment, upper G.I. endoscopy is mandatory. Endoscopic signs of GERD include: esophageal erosions and ulcers. GERD complications are: esophageal stenosis and Barrett esophagus. In some patients 24-hour oesophageal pH-metry is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. GERD treatment is based on proton pump inhibitors (PPI), in some cases with the H2-receptor antagonists before sleep, alginates with chondroitin sulphate and prokinetics (itopride). Surgical therapy is now performed only rarely.