Summary: The management of pain in cancer patients is based on pharmacotherapy, which is typically supported with non-pharmacological measures (anticancer therapy, interventional techniques, physical methods of pain treatment), management of other symptoms and comprehensive psychosocial and spiritual support provided to patients and families (caregivers). As the efficacy of pharmacological treatment of certain types of pain such as bone pain and neuropathic pain is still unsatisfactory, new pharmacotherapy pain treatment methods are sought. The paper discusses possible new methods of treating pain in cancer patients, which may be more effective as well as better tolerated regarding adverse effects compared to traditional methods of pharmacotherapy of pain.