Summary: New methods of treatment of chronic respiratory failure (CRF) include noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV). Many performed procedures have proved the efficiency of this method and today it is an established treatment option for patients with alveolar hypoventilation as the basis of respiratory failure. Due to continuous technological changes and new scientific discoveries, guidelines for the use of NIV in different groups of patients often require extensive revision. The paper aims to introduce the reader to new recommendations for the qualification and treatment of CRF.