Summary: Lower respiratory tract infections are a frequent reason of visits to the general practitioner and hospital emergency room. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main pathogen that causes community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The clinical course depends on the causative factor, the state of the immunological host as well as the efficiency of the therapy used. According to the guidelines of the National Program for the Protection of Antibiotics (NPOA) 2016 and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) 2011, amoxicillin in a high oral dose still remains the antibiotic of first choice in CAP in adults. Pneumonia severity scales (for example CURB-65) are used to estimate the risk of death and to consider the necessity of hospitalization. Depending on the patient’s clinical condition, coexisting diseases and the course of pneumonia, the modification of current therapy can be necessary. Immunocompromised patients, patients with aspiration pneumonia or nosocomial pneumonia require a different management approach.