Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recently defined as separate clinical entity and is increasingly more frequent diagnosed, especially in the populations of developed countries. Pathophysiologically NAFLD is usually associated with excessive body weight and enhanced insulin resistance, as is type 2 diabetes. Therefore patients with NAFLD should be actively screened towards glucose intolerance, particularly type 2 diabetes, which in turn exacerbates the clinical course of NAFLD leading to increased incidence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD treatment is largely based on lifestyle modification, as no strong recommendations for any particular drug therapy has been established.