Summary: Chronic cough is a common symptom in modern times; around 10% of the world population suffers from it. This symptom is frequently ignored, whereas it can be an indicator of an ongoing serious pulmonary disorder such as bronchial asthma. There is evidence that chronic cough can be relieved by inhibition of ATP activity. ATP is a neurotransmitter binding to purinergic receptors, localized in a high variety of tissues and organs, including the lungs. In this review we would like to present new discoveries as well as elucidate new perspectives in chronic cough treatment that are brought by ongoing clinical studies on new P2X3 receptor antagonists.