Summary: A gluten-free diet is becoming more and popular not only among patients but also among doctors. Its use in some diseases, like celiac disease, is fully justified and not controversial. The literature, however, includes some publications about the potential positive impact of such a diet in different indications, like Hashimoto disease or autism. Nevertheless one should keep in mind that not all those suggestions are proven in evidence-based medicine and careful consideration should be given in their interpretation.