Summary: Rhinitis is a common problem in childhood affecting up to 40% of children. It is defined as the presence of at least two nasal symptoms from the following: rhinorrhea, congestion, sneezing and itching. Rhinitis has a heterogenous etiology and is classified as allergic, infectious or non-allergic, non-infectious. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common non-infectious presentation of the condition. AR is defined as a nasal inflammation caused by IgE-mediated reaction against inhaled allergens. Establishing the proper diagnosis and choosing appropriate treatment can be challenging. Numerous possible comorbidities can complicate the course of the disease and additionally other conditions with similar symptoms can mimic allergic rhinitis, which can lead to misdiagnosis.
The diagnosis of AR is made on the basis of a detailed clinical history, physical examination and evidence of sensitization, measured either by the presence of allergen-specific IgE in the serum or by a positive skin prick test. Treatment of allergic rhinitis is categorized into strategies to avoid allergens, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy.
Nasal steroids are the most effective pharmacotherapy for either seasonal and perennial AR. The paper aims to help to determine when referral to an allergist is needed and presents an overview of the latest treatment of allergic rhinitis.