Summary: Food allergy (FA) is a global medical problem, especially in industrialized countries, where it affects about 8% of children and 5% of adults. It is a potentially life-threatening condition that strongly reduces the quality of patientsʼ and their familiesʼ lives. Currently the only available way of managing FA is the strict avoidance of the allergen and treatment of accidental ingestion with epinephrine. New methods of therapy have been studied in recent decades. Allergen immunotherapy for FA (FA-AIT) is a potentially curative treatment method. It can be conducted by different routes, including oral (OIT), sublingual, epicutaneous and subcutaneous. OIT is connected with the most promising effectiveness, but the number of side effects during therapy is also the greatest. There are still many gaps in knowledge, including predictive biomarkers, safety and persistence of tolerance. The paper presents a brief summary of recent knowledge.