Summary: Tobacco addiction is a problem determined by biopsychosocial factors – regarding its etiology, health consequences and therapeutic options. It can be treated by physicians of various specialties, yet success depends on the patient themself. The paper presents basic information on the neurobiological and cognitive-behavioral mechanisms of the nicotine addiction. The second part offers an overview of therapeutic interventions, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. The role of mindfulnessbased techniques and harm-reduction strategies is emphasized.