Summary: The paper discusses studies comparing the effectiveness, safety and costs of asthma therapy in children with the use of drugs inhaled from a nebulizer or a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) with a valved holding chamber (VHC). The inhalation of a short-acting β2-agonist with pMDI + VHC is clinically more effective with fewer side effects in children with acute bronchial obturation, and the duration of one treatment is several times shorter vs nebulization (NEB). The availability of drugs with pMDI is much higher than that of NEB solutions/suspensions. In the case of corticosteroids, there is no strong evidence pointing to the clinical advantage of any of these aerosol therapy methods, and the level of safety appears to be similar. The costs of SABA therapy with pMDI + VHC are much lower than NEB in both the emergency department and hospital wards.