Summary: The primary clinical problem in osteoporosis is fractures. The goal of diagnosis is the identification of individuals who are at risk of fractures and require treatment. The aim of pharmacological treatment is fracture prevention for patients who have not had a fracture, and also for patients who have had a fracture. Published data shows that the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in Poland is received by less than 20% of individuals who require treatment. This situation is caused by misdiagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis which in actuality, it is seldom necessary to conduct special procedures. This paper discusses the current state of evaluating the risk of fractures and longterm pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis, provided by family doctors to ameliorate problems of fractures and their consequences.