Summary: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and significantly impacts the quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality. Recently, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of its pathophysiology. It is complicated and attributed not only to simple EPO and iron deficiency but also to other factors operating behind that are hepcidin, ferroportin, erythroferrone, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and HIF prolyl hydroxylase enzymes. Therefore it has become apparent that it requires a holistic approach. This article provides an overview of the current view on the treatment of anemia in PChN based on its physiopathology.