Summary: Inhalation therapy is a key element in the care of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Observational and educational studies give hope for improving care in this group of patients. The most frequently used inhaler in all examined age groups, regardless of the diagnosis of the disease, was the dry powder inhaler. Inspection of inhalation techniques revealed that most patients make mistakes during inhalation. Patient education contributed to a significant reduction in errors and a decrease in the frequency of symptoms of the underlying disease.