Summary: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an entity that includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Pulmonary embolism is a frequent cause of death, especially in hospitalized patients. The disease is sometimes asymptomatic and its first manifestation may be sudden cardiac death. Early diagnosis and theraphy are crucial to prognosis and reduce the risk of life-threatening embolization. Diagnosis of the disease is based on the clinical evaluation of patients according to the Wells and Geneva scale and the execution of a series of laboratory and imaging tests. Angio-CT is the golden standard in the diagnosis of the disease. The initial conservative treatment of the disease is based on heparin (unfractionated and low molecular weight) and fondaparinux. Some patients are qualified for thrombolytic theraphy or embolectomy. Oral anticoagulants are used in long-term or extended theraphy.