Summary: Asthma is a civilization disease and a huge challenge for both the state budget and the patient’s budget, especially when it occurs in the severe and uncontrolled type, which requires significant financial outlays for hospitalization and medications. The costs of asthma treatment should be considered in the medical aspect (direct costs) as well as from the patient’s perspective as the loss of resources related to the disease (indirect costs). Understanding factors affecting the costs of asthma, such as disease severity, smoking, co-morbidity, access to medical care or demographic factors, allows us to better understand the relationship between individual categories of costs and shape their amount. Biological therapies, especially omalizumab and mepolizumab treatment available as part of the NFZ drug program play an important role in limiting total costs, which are considered to be effective on condition of a well-defined recipient (patient).