Summary: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is one of the most com-mon inherited diseases. It is assumed to affect 1 in 220 people. The main symptom of FH is very high cholesterol levels, which have been found since childhood. Long-term exposure to high cholesterol levels leads to the rapid development of athero-sclerosis, and consequently to the occurrence of clinically evi-dent cardiovascular disease at an early age. It is worth empha-sizing that FH can be diagnosed on the basis of medical history and cholesterol levels. After the diagnosis of FH, the general practitioner may initiate intensive statin and/or ezetimibe therapy, and if it does not achieve the target cholesterol levels, refer them to a center where PCSK9 treatment is possible.