Summary: Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis ‒ BPS/IC is currently referred to as primary bladder pain syndrome. Is characterized by the persistent or recurrent bladder pain with at least one symptom: bladder filling pain, urge to urinate, daily or nocturnal pollakiuria when no infection or other identifiable causes are found. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is complex and not fully understood. The patients develop functional somatic syndromes more frequently than in the healthy population. Diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms of BPS/IC and the exclusion of diseases causing similar symptoms by taking a precise medical history, conducting a physical examination, and performing a urinalysis. The recommended diagnostic and therapeutic method is cystoscopy, preferably in combination with hydrodistension and possible coagulation of Hunner lesions. The management of patients with BPS/IC should be multimodal and in the first line including conservative and minimally invasive treatments, with particular emphasis on behavioral therapy, lifestyle modification, and proper diet. At a later stage, pharmacotherapy, intravesical therapy, and surgical treatment should be considered.