Summary: In the near future heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) may become the main concern of contemporary cardiology. The increasing number of patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea leads to a higher risk of HFpEF. The most common condition that promotes HFpEF is arterial hypertension, which occurs in about 64% of patients. Effective treatment of hypertension may reduce the incidence of HFpEF.