Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious health, social and economic problem in Poland and in the world. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is complex. In the current version of the 2023 Report, 7 chapters have been changed. The following sections have been modified: Definitions, Diagnosis, Evidence, Management of stable COPD and exacerbations, Comorbidities as well as COPD and COVID-19. A new disease taxonomy has been introduced: COPD genetically determined, COPD caused by abnormal lung development, COPD related to external factors, COPD related to infections or asthma, and COPD without a specific cause. Significant changes in GOLD 2023 appeared in the field of initial pharmacological treatment of COPD. Experts departed from the clinical categories of disease C and D known to us in subsequent editions of the recommendations in the years 2017–2022. A new group E was created – patients with at least two moderate exacerbations or one exacerbation requiring hospitalization. A new definition of disease exacerbation has been introduced. Modified paths of treatment of dyspnoea and COPD exacerbations in continuation of therapy have been proposed. Key recommendations regarding preventive vaccinations were issued and important recommendations improving the prognosis in COPD were indicated.