Summary: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is characterized by a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, leading to a chronic increase in blood sugar levels. There are many types of diabetes, such as type 1, type 2, MODY, gestational diabetes, neonatal diabetes, LADA, and secondary diabetes. The most important division, however, is the distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In type 1, the pancreatic beta cells are disturbed, leading to insulin deficiency, while in type 2, there is an imbalance between insulin secretion and tissue sensitivity. The prevalence of diabetes in the world is estimated to be around 9%, with about 90% of cases related to type 2 diabetes. In Poland, about 7.6% of the population suffers from this disease. Diabetes symptoms include increased urination, feeling thirsty and weight loss. Diagnosis of diabetes is based on measuring blood glucose levels and correlating the results with clinical symptoms. The treatment of type 1 diabetes is based on the administration of insulin, which can be delivered using insulin pens or insulin pumps. In type 2 diabetes, oral antidiabetic drugs are used to increase the sensitivity of tissues to insulin or reduce the absorption of glucose from food. An important part of the therapy is also a diet and regular measurement of blood sugar levels. One of the main problems of insulin therapy is the risk of hypoglycemia. Patients are often afraid of its occurrence and reduce their insulin doses, which makes effective control of diabetes difficult. Modern insulin, such as the Ryzodeg mix, can contribute to reducing the patient's burden, improving diabetes control and increasing treatment.