Summary: Infectious agents, regardless of their etiology, induce changes in the structures of the ocular surface, modifying the composition and production of individual fractions, as well as the integrity and stability of the tear film. Along with an undamaged corneal epithelium, a normal tear film is a natural physiological barrier to most pathogens. Any qualitative disturbance of tears and the ocular surface, therefore, implies an increased risk of infection. Results obtained from randomized clinical trials showed no significant differences in the use of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides in ocular surface anti-bacterial treatment. It is important in this case to note that the use of fluoroquinolones reduces the subjectively perceived eye discomfort and the risk of conjunctivitis. If possible, polytherapy should be avoided, because the surface of our eye does not like it, does not easily forgive it, and does not forget it quickly, and we should use anti-infective treatment based on the “short and intense” principle according to scientific knowledge and clinical experience.