Summary: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the cause of most viral infections transmitted by sexual contact. It is responsible for the formation of benign lesions, precancerous conditions and malignant tumors of the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause cervical cancer, numerous anogenital cancers and head and neck cancers, including juvenile papillomatosis of the larynx. The most effective method of preventing HPV infection is vaccination. Two vaccines against human papillomavirus are available on the Polish market: the bivalent Cervarix vaccine and the nine-valent Gardasil 9. The quadrivalent Gardasil vaccine is also registered for use, its purchase is not possible. As of June 1, 2023, HPV vaccination in Poland is also provided under the Universal HPV Vaccination Program for Adolescents, through which children of both sexes aged 12-13 can be vaccinated free of charge with Gardasil 9 or Cervarix. The vaccination schedule covered by the program is a two-dose schedule, with an interval of 6-12 months between doses. The program is part of the Oncology Strategy and aims to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers.