Summary: In recent years, we have observed a dynamic increase in the number of international travels and travelers, which correlates with a heightened risk of exposure to infectious diseases, particularly in tropical regions. In 2023, Polish citizens undertook over 14 million international air journeys; however, the level of health preparedness among travelers remains insufficient - only 49.5% received vaccinations prior to departure, and merely 20% adhered to malaria chemoprophylaxis. Poor sanitary conditions and limited access to healthcare services in destination countries further elevate the risk of infection transmission. Preventive measures play a crucial role in mitigating these risks and should encompass health education, immunization, and the use of personal protective equipment. A consultation at a travel medicine clinic should occur at least 4-6 weeks prior to departure to ensure comprehensive pre-travel preparation, including the administration of necessary vaccinations. It is recommended to follow the up-to-date guidelines provided by institutions such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), which classify health threats by region. Patient education, alongside preventive strategies – particularly vaccination – remains a cornerstone of safeguarding travelers health. The aim of this article is to discuss current travel-related health threats, with particular emphasis on diseases of major significance to travelers health, such as dengue, mpox, chikungunya, malaria, or diphtheria. We present current epidemiological data from Poland and globally, describe characteristic clinical manifestations, and outline preventive strategies implemented to ensure health security.